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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a> <small>(<a href="Deus_otiosus" title="Deus otiosus">Deus otiosus</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="Logos#Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Logos">Logos § Ancient Greek philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoplatonism#The_One" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism § The One</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_theology#Confucian_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese theology § Confucian theology</a></li>

<li><a href="Averroism" title="Averroism">Averroism</a></li>

<li><a href="Socinianism" title="Socinianism">Socinianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Unmoved_mover" title="Unmoved mover">Unmoved mover</a></li>

<li><a href="Watchmaker_analogy" title="Watchmaker analogy">Watchmaker God</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Deism_in_England_and_France_in_the_18th_century" title="Deism in England and France in the 18th century">18th-century England and France</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_Deism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Deism">Christian Deism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a> <small>(<a href="Pandeism_in_Asia" title="Pandeism in Asia">in Asia</a>)</small> <small>(<a href="Pandeism_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandeism and Christianity">and Christianity</a>)</small> <small>(<a href="Criticism_of_pandeism" title="Criticism of pandeism">criticism</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="Spinozism" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinozism">Spinozism</a></li>

<li><a href="Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being" title="Cult of the Supreme Being">Cult of the Supreme Being</a></li>

<li><a href="Theophilanthropy" title="Theophilanthropy">Theophilanthropy</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_theology" title="Natural theology">Natural theology</a></li>

<li><a href="Congregationalism_in_the_United_States#Disinterested_benevolence" title="Congregationalism in the United States">Congregationalism in the<br>US § Disinterested benevolence</a></li>

<li><a href="Polytheism#Polydeism" title="Polytheism">Polydeism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_deists" title="List of deists">Notable figures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Edward_Herbert%2C_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury" title="Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury">Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_St_John%2C_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Tindal" title="Matthew Tindal">Matthew Tindal</a></li>

<li><a href="Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Blount_(deist)" title="Charles Blount (deist)">Charles Blount</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Chubb" title="Thomas Chubb">Thomas Chubb</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li>

<li><a href="Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">Guido von List</a></li>

<li><a href="Cayetano_Ripoll" title="Cayetano Ripoll">Cayetano Ripoll</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">False equivalencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Ceremonial_deism" title="Ceremonial deism">Ceremonial deism</a></li>

<li><a href="Moralistic_therapeutic_deism" title="Moralistic therapeutic deism">Moralistic therapeutic deism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Opposition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;">

<ul><li><a href="Catholic_Church_and_Deism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Deism">Catholic Church</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Leland_(Presbyterian)" title="John Leland (Presbyterian)">John Leland</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Stillingfleet#Philosophical_controversy" title="Edward Stillingfleet">Edward Stillingfleet § Philosophical controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthony_Bliss#Anthony_Bliss_(father),_Vicar_of_Portsmouth" title="Anthony Bliss">Anthony Bliss</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Jackson_(controversialist)" title="John Jackson (controversialist)">John Jackson</a></li>

<li><a href="Johann_Georg_Hamann" title="Johann Georg Hamann">Johann Georg Hamann</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Jennens" title="Charles Jennens">Charles Jennens</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_thought_of_Edmund_Burke" title="Religious thought of Edmund Burke">Religious thought of Edmund Burke</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Blackmore#Non-epic_writing" title="Richard Blackmore">Richard Blackmore § Non-epic writing</a></li>

<li><a href="James_McGready" title="James McGready">James McGready</a></li>

<li><a href="Valentin_Ernst_L%C3%B6scher" title="Valentin Ernst Löscher">Valentin Ernst Löscher</a></li>

<li><a href="Continental_prophecies#Themes" title="Continental prophecies"><i>Continental prophecies</i> § Themes</a></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">Friedrich Julius Stahl</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p><b>Deistic evolution</b> is a position in the <a href="Origins_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins debate">origins debate</a> which involves accepting the <a href="Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">scientific evidence</a> for <a href="Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> and <a href="Age_of_the_universe" title="Age of the universe">age of the universe</a> whilst advocating the view that a <a href="Deism" title="Deism">Deistic</a> <a href="God" title="God">God</a> created the universe but has not interfered since. The position is a counterpoint to <a href="Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">theistic evolution</a> and is endorsed by those who believe in Deism, and accept the scientific consensus on evolution. Various views on Deistic evolution:

</p><p>In <i>Christian Theology</i>, by Millard J. Erickson, 2013, it is written: “deistic evolution is perhaps the best way to describe one variety of what is generally called theistic evolution.”<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Theology_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Theology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He describes it as the belief that God “began the process of evolution, producing the first matter and implanting within the creation the laws of its development has followed.” Following the establishment of this process, this Creator then “withdrew from active involvement with the world, becoming, so to speak, Creator Emeritus.”<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Theology_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Theology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>God is the Creator, the ultimate cause, but evolution is the means, the proximate cause. Thus, except for its view of the very beginning of matter, deistic evolution is identical to naturalistic evolution, for it denies that there is any direct activity by a personal God during the ongoing creative process.

Deistic evolution has little difficulty with the scientific data. There is a definite conflict, however, between deism's view of an absentee God and the biblical picture of a God who has been involved in a whole series of creative acts. In particular, both Genesis accounts of the origin of human beings indicate that God definitely and distinctly willed and acted to bring them into existence. In addition, deistic evolution conflicts with the scriptural doctrine of providence, according to which God is personally and intimately concerned with and involved in what is going on in the specific events within his entire creation.<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Theology_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Theology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>The <a href="Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a> Steve Stewart-Williams,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his book <i>Darwin, God and the Meaning of Life</i> (2010), states:

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<blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Deistic evolutionists hold that God created the universe and the laws of nature... but that once the ball was rolling, he ceased to intervene in the day-today running of the world or in the course of natural law. God was like the ether after Einstein: he no longer had any role to play in the universe</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>Stewart-Williams further writes that deistic evolution strips <a href="God" title="God">God</a> of what most religious believers consider central. Any deistic God is not around for <a href="Prayer" title="Prayer">prayers</a>, <a href="Miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracles">miracles</a>, or to intervene in people's lives, and that because of this, it is unpopular with <a href="Monotheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic">monotheistic</a> religions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Deistic Evolution adheres to the concept of some form of God, but denies any personal God. A recent defender of deistic evolution was Michael Anthony Corey, author of the book <i>Back to Darwin: The Scientific Case for Deistic Evolution</i> (1994).

</p><p>Some scholars have written that <a href="Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> was an advocate of deistic evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Deistic evolution is similarly the operative idea in <a href="Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a>, which has been counted amongst the handful of spiritual beliefs which "are compatible with modern <a href="Science" title="Science">science</a>." and specifically wherein it is noted that "<i><a href="Pandeism" title="Pandeism">pandeistic</a></i> belief systems .... [present] the inclusion of God as the ever unfolding expression of a complex universe with an identifiable beginning but no teleological direction necessarily present."<sup id="cite_ref-Bruner_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruner-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theistic_predeterminism">Theistic predeterminism</h2></div>

<p>Deistic evolution is not the same as <a href="Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">theistic evolution</a>, yet they are sometimes confused. The difference rests on the difference between a theistic God that is interested in, if not actively involved in, the outcome of his creation and humanity specifically and a <a href="Deism" title="Deism">deistic god</a> that is either disinterested in the outcome, and holds no special place for humanity, or will not intervene. Often, there is no discernible difference between the two positions—the choice of terminology has more to do with the believer and her or his need for a God, than fitting into a mostly arbitrary dictionary or academic definition.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_from_Christian_Creationists">Criticism from Christian Creationists</h2></div>

<p>Deistic evolution has been criticized by Christian <a href="Creationists" class="mw-redirect" title="Creationists">creationists</a> as being incompatible with <a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> since it contradicts a literal reading of the <a href="Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, and more importantly, leaves no role for the "Christian personal God".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>M. J. Erickson wrote that deistic evolution is in conflict with the scriptural doctrine of providence, according to which "God is personally and intimately concerned with and involved in what is going on in the specific events within his entire creation."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Charles P. Grannan wrote in 1894, "Another baseless assumption of negative critics is that the general principles of Atheistic and Deistic evolution, admitted by many scientists to account for the origin of the various species of plants and animals, should also be applied to explain the origin of the Christian religion."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Charles Wesley Rishell criticized the concept in 1899, comparing it to the notion (false, in his view), that <a href="Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a> was a property of matter instead of a continued action of God:

</p>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If evolution is God's method of creating he is still at work. Theistic Deism and evolution is possible, but deistic evolution is a contradiction in terms. Again, it is all a mere supposition that God created the world and endowed it with forces which will of necessity work out his will. It is impossible for us to say that God put forth energy in the beginning and then ceased. It is, to say the least, as probable that gravitation is a divine force constantly exerted on matter in a certain way as that it is a divine force deposited in matter once for all.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>The <a href="Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> disagrees with the doctrine of deistic evolution. In November 2005, Pope Benedict addressed a general audience of 25,000 in <a href="St._Peter's_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a>:

</p>

<dl><dd>When the Pontiff finished his address, he put his papers to one side and commented on the thought of St. Basil the Great, a Doctor of the Church, who said that some, "deceived by the atheism they bear within them, imagined the universe deprived of a guide and order, at the mercy of chance. I believe the words of this fourth-century Father are of amazing timeliness," said Benedict XVI. "How many are these 'some' today? Deceived by atheism, they believe and try to demonstrate that it is scientific to think that everything lacks a guide and order."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science">Science</h2></div>

<p>Deistic evolution does not oppose or contradict <a href="Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> or come into conflict with <a href="Science" title="Science">science</a> as it says that a God started the process and then left it to natural processes. However, deism is still a religious philosophy.

</p><p>Stewart-Williams wrote regarding deistic evolution and science:

</p>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Deistic evolution eliminates any immediate conflict between science and belief in God. Anyone who believes that God's role was merely to create the laws of nature can accept the scientific worldview in its totality; they simply add the proviso that 'God did it' - i.e., that God is responsible for the world that science describes</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>There is considerable room for this "<a href="God_of_the_gaps" title="God of the gaps">god of the gaps</a>" view, since scientific observation is entirely unable to shed any light on what happened during the <a href="Planck_epoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Planck epoch">Planck epoch</a>, the earliest 10<sup>−43</sup> seconds in the history of the universe. All development since this initial creative act merely follows laws and principles which He created:

</p>

<ul><li>God created the universe, perhaps using the "big bang" about 15,000 million years ago as his method. He set up basic laws to govern the running of the universe, and then left the scene entirely. God has not been seen since. The earth coalesced about 4 or 5 thousand million years ago without any input from God. Later, elementary life forms formed, which evolved into the animals and plant life that we see today through purely natural forces. It is essentially identical to naturalistic evolution, except that it reserves one action for God: that of initially creating the matter of the universe. This belief is common among Deists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/ev_world3.htm">[1]</a></li>

<li>Although the term is rarely heard, deistic evolution is perhaps the best way to describe one variety of what is generally called theistic evolution. This is the view that God began the process of evolution, producing the first matter and implanting within the creation the laws which its development has followed. Thus, he programmed the process. Then he withdrew from active involvement with the world, becoming, so to speak, Creator emeritus. The progress of the created order is free of direct influence by God. He is the Creator of everything, but only the first living form was directly created. All the rest of God's creating has been done indirectly. God is the Creator, the ultimate cause, but evolution is the means, the proximate cause. Thus, except for its view of the very beginning of matter, deistic evolution is identical to naturalistic evolution, for it denies that there is any direct activity by a personal God during the ongoing creative process. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.asa3.org/archive/evolution/199505-10/0171.html">[2]</a></li></ul>

<p><br>

</p>

<li><a href="Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Rejection of evolution by religious groups</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_and_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church">Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological evolution">Biological evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_Creationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary Creationism">Evolutionary Creationism</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-Christian_Theology-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christian_Theology_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christian_Theology_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christian_Theology_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Millard J. Erickson, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8birAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT398">Christian Theology</a></i>, 2013, page 398.</span>

</li>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204141407/http://psy.swan.ac.uk/staff/stewart-williams/">"Homepage for Dr Steve Stewart-Williams"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psy.swan.ac.uk/staff/stewart-williams/">the original</a> on 2015-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steve Stewart-Williams <i>Darwin, God and the Meaning of Life</i> 2010 p. 70</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steve Stewart-Williams, p. 71</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian C. Young, Mark A. Largent <i>Evolution and Creationism: A Documentary and Reference Guide</i> 2007, p. xiii</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bruner-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bruner_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrunerDavenportNorwine2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bruner, Michael S.; Davenport, John; Norwine, Jim (2013). "An Evolving Worldview: Culture-Shift in University Students". In Norwine, Jim (ed.). <i>A World After Climate Change and Culture-Shift</i>. Springer. p. 46. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-9400773523</bdi>. <q>Some of us think that postmodernity represents a similar change of dominant worldviews, one which could turn out to be just as singular as modernity by being a stunning amalgam of James and Weber. If we are correct, then the changed attitudes, assumptions, and values might work together to change ways of life which in turn transform our geographies of mind and being, that is, both the actual physical landscapes and the mental valuescapes we inhabit. One increasingly common outcome of this ongoing transformation, itself a symptom perhaps of post-industrial secular societies, is the movement away from self-denial toward a denial of the supernatural. This development promises to fundamentally alter future geographies of mind and being by shifting the locus of causality from an exalted Godhead to the domain of Nature. How this Nature is ultimately defined has broad repercussions for the, at times, artificial distinction between religious and secular worldviews. For Levine (2011), "secularism is a positive, not a negative, condition, not a denial of the world of spirit and of religion, but an affirmation of the world we're living in now ... such a world is capable of bringing us to the condition of 'fullness' that religion has always promised" (Levine quoted in Wood 2011). For others, this "fullness" is present in more religious-oriented pantheistic or pandeistic belief systems with, in the latter case, the inclusion of God as the ever unfolding expression of a complex universe with an identifiable beginning but no teleological direction necessarily present.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James K. A. Smith, Amos Yong <i>Science and the Spirit: A Pentecostal Engagement With the Sciences</i> p. 93</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liberty: a magazine of religious freedom: Volumes 86-88, p. 85</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson M.J., "Christian Theology", 1985, Baker, Grand Rapids, MI, pp. 480-481</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Higher Criticism and the Bible," by Charles P. Grannan, DD, PhD, in <i>The American Catholic Quarterly Review</i>, 1894, Volume 19, Page 577.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Foundations of the Christian Faith</i> by Charles Wesley Rishell, 1899, Page 157.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061002172920/http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=79681">"Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome"</a>. October 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=79681">the original</a> on October 2, 2006.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, p. 70</span>

</li>

</ol></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evolutionary_biology753" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Evolutionary_biology753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Introduction_to_evolution" title="Introduction to evolution">Introduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_evolution" title="Outline of evolution">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life" title="Timeline of the evolutionary history of life">Timeline of evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_life" title="History of life">History of life</a></li>

<li><a href="Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles" title="Index of evolutionary biology articles">Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Adaptation" title="Adaptation">Adaptation</a></li>

<li><a href="Adaptive_radiation" title="Adaptive radiation">Adaptive radiation</a></li>

<li><a href="Altruism_(biology)" title="Altruism (biology)">Altruism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cheating_(biology)" title="Cheating (biology)">Cheating</a></li>

<li><a href="Reciprocal_altruism" title="Reciprocal altruism">Reciprocal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Baldwin_effect" title="Baldwin effect">Baldwin effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Cladistics" title="Cladistics">Cladistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Coevolution" title="Coevolution">Coevolution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">Mutualism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Common_descent" title="Common descent">Common descent</a></li>

<li><a href="Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">Convergence</a></li>

<li><a href="Divergent_evolution" title="Divergent evolution">Divergence</a></li>

<li><a href="Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li>

<li><a href="Evidence_of_common_descent" title="Evidence of common descent">Evidence of evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_arms_race" title="Evolutionary arms race">Evolutionary arms race</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_pressure" title="Evolutionary pressure">Evolutionary pressure</a></li>

<li><a href="Exaptation" title="Exaptation">Exaptation</a></li>

<li><a href="Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Event</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">Homology</a></li>

<li><a href="Last_universal_common_ancestor" title="Last universal common ancestor">Last universal common ancestor</a></li>

<li><a href="Macroevolution" title="Macroevolution">Macroevolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Microevolution" title="Microevolution">Microevolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_mismatch" title="Evolutionary mismatch">Mismatch</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonadaptive_radiation" title="Nonadaptive radiation">Non-adaptive radiation</a></li>

<li><a href="Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Origin of life</a></li>

<li><a href="Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_evolution" title="Parallel evolution">Parallel evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Signalling_theory" title="Signalling theory">Signalling theory</a>

<ul><li><a href="Handicap_principle" title="Handicap principle">Handicap principle</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Speciation" title="Speciation">Speciation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Species" title="Species">Species</a></li>

<li><a href="Species_complex" title="Species complex">Species complex</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_taxonomy" title="Evolutionary taxonomy">Taxonomy</a></li>

<li><a href="Unit_of_selection" title="Unit of selection">Unit of selection</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gene-centered_view_of_evolution" title="Gene-centered view of evolution">Gene-centered view of evolution</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">Population<br>genetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Artificial selection</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionarily_stable_strategy" title="Evolutionarily stable strategy">Evolutionarily stable strategy</a></li>

<li><a href="Fisher's_principle" title="Fisher's principle">Fisher's principle</a></li>

<li><a href="Fitness_(biology)" title="Fitness (biology)">Fitness</a>

<ul><li><a href="Inclusive_fitness" title="Inclusive fitness">Inclusive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_drift" title="Genetic drift">Genetic drift</a></li>

<li><a href="Kin_selection" title="Kin selection">Kin selection</a>

<ul><li><a href="Inbreeding_avoidance" title="Inbreeding avoidance">Inbreeding avoidance</a></li>

<li><a href="Kin_recognition" title="Kin recognition">Kin recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Parental_investment" title="Parental investment">Parental investment</a></li>

<li><a href="Parent%E2%80%93offspring_conflict" title="Parent–offspring conflict">Parent–offspring conflict</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutation</a></li>

<li><a href="Population" title="Population">Population</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">Natural selection</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">Sexual selection</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sexual_selection_in_flowering_plants" title="Sexual selection in flowering plants">Flowering plants</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_selection_in_fungi" title="Sexual selection in fungi">Fungi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mate_choice" title="Mate choice">Mate choice</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_selection" title="Social selection">Social selection</a></li>

<li><a href="Trivers%E2%80%93Willard_hypothesis" title="Trivers–Willard hypothesis">Trivers–Willard hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_variation" title="Genetic variation">Variation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Canalisation_(genetics)" title="Canalisation (genetics)">Canalisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Evolutionary developmental biology">Evolutionary developmental biology</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_assimilation" title="Genetic assimilation">Genetic assimilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Inversion_(evolutionary_biology)" title="Inversion (evolutionary biology)">Inversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Modularity_(biology)" title="Modularity (biology)">Modularity</a></li>

<li><a href="Phenotypic_plasticity" title="Phenotypic plasticity">Phenotypic plasticity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Evolution_of_bacteria" title="Evolution of bacteria">Bacteria</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_birds" title="Evolution of birds">Birds</a>

<ul><li><a href="Origin_of_birds" title="Origin of birds">origin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_brachiopods" title="Evolution of brachiopods">Brachiopods</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_molluscs" title="Evolution of molluscs">Molluscs</a>

<ul><li><a href="Evolution_of_cephalopods" title="Evolution of cephalopods">Cephalopods</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dinosaur#Evolutionary_history" title="Dinosaur">Dinosaurs</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_fungi" title="Evolution of fungi">Fungi</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_insects" title="Evolution of insects">Insects</a>

<ul><li><a href="Evolution_of_butterflies" title="Evolution of butterflies">butterflies</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_mammals" title="Evolution of mammals">Mammals</a>

<li><a href="Canidae#Evolution" title="Canidae">canids</a>

<ul><li><a href="Evolution_of_the_wolf" title="Evolution of the wolf">wolves</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyena#Evolution" title="Hyena">hyenas</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_cetaceans" title="Evolution of cetaceans">dolphins and whales</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_the_horse" title="Evolution of the horse">horses</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_Macropodidae" title="Evolution of Macropodidae">Kangaroos</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_primates" title="Evolution of primates">primates</a>

<ul><li><a href="Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">humans</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_lemurs" title="Evolution of lemurs">lemurs</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">Plants</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pollinator-mediated_selection" title="Pollinator-mediated selection">pollinator-mediated</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_reptiles" title="Evolution of reptiles">Reptiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_spiders" title="Evolution of spiders">Spiders</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_tetrapods" title="Evolution of tetrapods">Tetrapods</a></li>

<li><a href="Viral_evolution" title="Viral evolution">Viruses</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of <a href="Organ_(biology)" title="Organ (biology)">organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Evolution_of_flagella" title="Evolution of flagella">Flagella</a></li>

<li><a href="Eukaryote#Origin_of_eukaryotes" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryotes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Symbiogenesis" title="Symbiogenesis">symbiogenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Chromosome#Eukaryotes" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a></li>

<li><a href="Endomembrane_system#Evolution" title="Endomembrane system">endomembrane system</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitochondrion#Origin_and_evolution" title="Mitochondrion">mitochondria</a></li>

<li><a href="Cell_nucleus#Evolution" title="Cell nucleus">nucleus</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastid#Origin" title="Plastid">plastids</a></li></ul></li>

<li>In animals

<li><a href="Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles" title="Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles">auditory ossicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_nervous_systems" title="Evolution of nervous systems">nervous system</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_the_brain" title="Evolution of the brain">brain</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of <a href="Biological_process" title="Biological process">processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Evolution_of_ageing" title="Evolution of ageing">Aging</a>

<ul><li><a href="Death#Evolution_of_aging_and_mortality" title="Death">Death</a></li>

<li><a href="Programmed_cell_death#Evolutionary_origin_of_mitochondrial_apoptosis" title="Programmed cell death">Programmed cell death</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Origin_of_avian_flight" title="Origin of avian flight">Avian flight</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_biological_complexity" title="Evolution of biological complexity">Biological complexity</a></li>

<li><a href="Cooperation_(evolution)" title="Cooperation (evolution)">Cooperation</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_color_vision" title="Evolution of color vision">Color vision</a>

<ul><li><a href="Evolution_of_color_vision_in_primates" title="Evolution of color vision in primates">in primates</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_emotion" title="Evolution of emotion">Emotion</a></li>

<li><a href="Empathy#Evolution_across_species" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_ethics" title="Evolutionary ethics">Ethics</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_eusociality" title="Evolution of eusociality">Eusociality</a></li>

<li><a href="Immune_system#Evolution_and_other_mechanisms" title="Immune system">Immune system</a></li>

<li><a href="Metabolism#Evolution" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a></li>

<li><a href="Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">Monogamy</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_morality" title="Evolution of morality">Morality</a></li>

<li><a href="Mosaic_evolution" title="Mosaic evolution">Mosaic evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Multicellular_organism#Evolutionary_history" title="Multicellular organism">Multicellularity</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction" title="Evolution of sexual reproduction">Sexual reproduction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anisogamy#Evolution" title="Anisogamy">Gamete differentiation/sexes</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_life_cycle" title="Biological life cycle">Life cycles/nuclear phases</a></li>

<li><a href="Mating_type" title="Mating type">Mating types</a></li>

<li><a href="Origin_and_function_of_meiosis" title="Origin and function of meiosis">Meiosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex-determination_system#Evolution" title="Sex-determination system">Sex-determination</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_snake_venom" title="Evolution of snake venom">Snake venom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tempo_and_Mode_in_Evolution" title="Tempo and Mode in Evolution">Tempo and modes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Phyletic_gradualism" title="Phyletic gradualism">Gradualism</a>/<a href="Punctuated_equilibrium" title="Punctuated equilibrium">Punctuated equilibrium</a>/<a href="Saltation_(biology)" title="Saltation (biology)">Saltationism</a></li>

<li><a href="Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">Micromutation</a>/<a href="Mutationism#Later_mutationist_theories" title="Mutationism">Macromutation</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniformitarianism" title="Uniformitarianism">Uniformitarianism</a>/<a href="Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Speciation" title="Speciation">Speciation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allopatric_speciation" title="Allopatric speciation">Allopatric</a></li>

<li><a href="Anagenesis" title="Anagenesis">Anagenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Catagenesis_(biology)" title="Catagenesis (biology)">Catagenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Cladogenesis" title="Cladogenesis">Cladogenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Cospeciation" title="Cospeciation">Cospeciation</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_speciation" title="Ecological speciation">Ecological</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_speciation" title="Hybrid speciation">Hybrid</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonecological_speciation" title="Nonecological speciation">Non-ecological</a></li>

<li><a href="Parapatric_speciation" title="Parapatric speciation">Parapatric</a></li>

<li><a href="Peripatric_speciation" title="Peripatric speciation">Peripatric</a></li>

<li><a href="Reinforcement_(speciation)" title="Reinforcement (speciation)">Reinforcement</a></li>

<li><a href="Sympatric_speciation" title="Sympatric speciation">Sympatric</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_evolutionary_thought" title="History of evolutionary thought">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Evolutionary_ideas_of_the_Renaissance_and_Enlightenment" title="Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment">Renaissance and Enlightenment</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmutation_of_species" title="Transmutation of species">Transmutation of species</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Dialogues_Concerning_Natural_Religion" title="Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion">Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_paleontology" title="History of paleontology">History of paleontology</a></li>

<li><a href="Transitional_fossil" title="Transitional fossil">Transitional fossil</a></li>

<li><a href="Blending_inheritance" title="Blending inheritance">Blending inheritance</a></li>

<li><a href="Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">Mendelian inheritance</a></li>

<li><a href="The_eclipse_of_Darwinism" title="The eclipse of Darwinism">The eclipse of Darwinism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-Darwinism" title="Neo-Darwinism">Neo-Darwinism</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)" title="Modern synthesis (20th century)">Modern synthesis</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_molecular_evolution" title="History of molecular evolution">History of molecular evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_evolutionary_synthesis" title="Extended evolutionary synthesis">Extended evolutionary synthesis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a></li>

<li><a href="Alternatives_to_Darwinian_evolution" title="Alternatives to Darwinian evolution">Alternatives</a>

<ul><li><a href="Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li>

<li><a href="Lamarckism" title="Lamarckism">Lamarckism</a></li>

<li><a href="Orthogenesis" title="Orthogenesis">Orthogenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Mutationism" title="Mutationism">Mutationism</a></li>

<li><a href="Saltation_(biology)" title="Saltation (biology)">Saltationism</a></li>

<li><a href="Structuralism_(biology)" title="Structuralism (biology)">Structuralism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Spandrel_(biology)" title="Spandrel (biology)">Spandrel</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">Theistic</a></li>

<li><a href="Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Teleology_in_biology" title="Teleology in biology">Teleology in biology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeography</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_genetics" title="Ecological genetics">Ecological genetics</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_selection" title="Group selection">Group selection</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cultural_evolution" title="Cultural evolution">Cultural evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_group_selection" title="Cultural group selection">Cultural group selection</a></li>

<li><a href="Dual_inheritance_theory" title="Dual inheritance theory">Dual inheritance theory</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hologenome_theory_of_evolution" title="Hologenome theory of evolution">Hologenome theory of evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Missing_heritability_problem" title="Missing heritability problem">Missing heritability problem</a></li>

<li><a href="Molecular_evolution" title="Molecular evolution">Molecular evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li>

<li><a href="Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">Phylogenetics</a>

<li><a href="Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">Polymorphism</a></li>

<li><a href="Protocell" title="Protocell">Protocell</a></li>

<li><a href="Systematics" title="Systematics">Systematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgenerational_epigenetic_inheritance" title="Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance">Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AEvolutionary_biology" title="Portal:Evolutionary biology">Portal</a></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Deistic_evolution&oldid=1302854718">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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